|
North Korea had a life expectancy of 69.8 years in 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Country Comparison: Life Expectancy at Birth )〕 While North Korea is classified as a low-income country, the structure of North Korea's causes of death (2013) is unlike that of other low-income countries.〔 Instead, it is closer to the worldwide averages, with non-communicable diseases - such as cardiovascular disease - accounting for two-thirds of the total deaths.〔 A 2013 study reported that communicable diseases and malnutrition are responsible for 64% of the total deaths in North Korea. Those of high-income countries and South Korea, but half of the average 57% of all deaths in other low-income countries.〔(''Overview of the Burden of Diseases in North Korea'', Journal of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, May 2013; 46(3): p. 111–117. )〕 The same 2013 study stated that the largest obstacle for understanding the accurate health status of North Korea is the lack of the validity and reliability of its health data.〔 == Health infrastructure == Healthcare in North Korea includes a national medical service and health insurance system.〔Library of Congress – Federal Research Division 2007 ‘Country Profile: North Korea’, Library of Congress – Federal Research Division, viewed 6 September 2010, North Korea has a national medical service and health insurance system, which are offered for free. In 2001 North Korea spent 3% of its gross domestic product on health care. Beginning in the 1950s, the DPRK put great emphasis on healthcare, and between 1955 and 1986, the number of hospitals grew from 285 to 2,401, and the number of clinics – from 1,020 to 5,644.〔(North Korea Public Health ), Country Studies〕 There are hospitals attached to factories and mines. Since 1979 more emphasis has been put on traditional Korean medicine, based on treatment with herbs and acupuncture. A national telemedicine network was launched in 2010. It connects the Kim Man Yu Hospital in Pyongyang with 10 provincial medical facilities. North Korea's healthcare system suffered a steep decline since the 1990s because of natural disasters, economic problems, and food and energy shortages. By 2001, many hospitals and clinics in North Korea lacked essential medicines, equipment, running water and electricity. In 2010, the World Health Organization described the healthcare system as "the envy of the developing world" while simultaneously acknowledging that "challenges remained, including poor infrastructure, a lack of equipment, malnutrition and a shortage of medicines." WHO criticized an earlier Amnesty International report that described "barely functioning hospitals" as outdated and factually inaccurate. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Health in North Korea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|